Lu Nan, reputedly the only Chinese photographer to have worked for the Magnum agency, focuses on a group of prisoners, mainly drug offenders, in a camp across the border from Yunnan. They are kept in cages, chains around their ankles. An imaginative installation obliges us to peer through bars to see the photographs, emphasising the distance between ourselves and these impassive, stoic faces. This arrangement finds an echo in a larger installation by Yang Zhenzhong, which wraps itself around two walls. We experience this piece, Fences (2013), by sitting to look through a row of bars, only to see our own reflection.

Li Xiaofei’s videos capture another kind of prison – the repetitive rhythms of manufacturing, in large factories or on a modest, domestic scale. Most of the things we use and take for granted, are the product of someone’s labour. Li exposes that labour and the social world of the workers in brief, deadpan films that also reveal his fascination with the industrial sublime and the shiny glamour of the machine, as explored by the Bauhaus photographers, and in Australia by Wolfgang Sievers.

Faced with Li’s persevering workers it’s impossible not to think of those heroic, muscular figures in the propaganda art of the Mao era, all grinning insanely at the thought they are building socialism by working in a factory. The collective ideal seems foolish in the face of mundane reality.

As usual with White Rabbit shows, there is a significant painting component, from Ge Hui’s awkward compositions featuring rubbery, elongated figures that stare blankly back at us, to Ouyang Chun’s Creamcake, Lighthouse, Skyscrapers or Shimmering Anthill (2017). In the latter, the title reflects the ambiguities of a large, complex picture with multiple identities.

According to the catalogue, Ge’s languid, boneless figures are known “for their expression of longing and a sense of strangeness that defies categorisation.” If I were to attempt a categorisation, I’d say these characters looked decadent and alienated, as if they had nothing better to do than lounge around and strike poses. Once again nothing could be further from the crisp purposeful figures of the 1970s, so proud of their roles as workers, soldiers or peasants.

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That alienated mood is carried over to the third floor, which is usually reserved for some breathtaking highlight. This time we are met with three installations by Chen Wei, best known for his unusual, melancholy photographs that manage to feel both familiar and strange. In History of Enchantment (Cold Sculpture), Shanghai (2015) Chen has created seven stainless-steel forms that resemble elements of architecture or furniture. In a darkened gallery, these forms reflect the flickering colours of two other bodies of work: Where are you going tonight? (2023), a carefully arranged stack of LED screens with fragments of text and colour; and In the Waves (2013), a suite of ink-jet prints showing young people engulfed by the lurid haze of nightclubs.

It’s a low-key finale for an exhibition that paints an unsettling picture of a China that has lost touch with its past and its future. Whether they are staring from behind bars, working patiently in factories, or swaying mindlessly in dance clubs, most of the people in this show seem adrift in the present, lacking spirit or belief. While nobody subscribes to the communist utopia any longer, consumer society is merely one long parade of ephemeral desires. Art anxiously holds up a mirror to a society without politics – or rather, without a vigorous political process whereby different creeds and values can contend with one another. In China, there is only the party line and the all-powerful, paternalistic state. All the shopping and entertainment in the world can’t compensate for this zombification of the heart and mind.

I Am the People is at the White Rabbit Gallery until November 12.